CoMagz Kirsten's column

Lactic acid reflux

Wed, 24 May 2006 07:31:52 -0700

If you’ve ever been sore a day or so after a workout, you’ve probably “known” that the cause of the pain was a build-up of lactic acid in your muscles.

After all, that’s what “they” always told us.

Well, turns out, “they” were wrong. (NY Times article; registration required.)

Not just a little wrong. Really, really wrong. Not only is lactic acid no culprit where post-exercise muscle soreness is concerned. On the contrary, lactic acid is a good thing.

Lactic acid is actually a fuel, not a caustic waste product. Muscles make it deliberately, producing it from glucose, and they burn it to obtain energy. The reason trained athletes can perform so hard and so long is because their intense training causes their muscles to adapt so they more readily and efficiently absorb lactic acid.

But here’s the part of this article (reported by Gina Kolata) that really made me roll my eyes. George Brooks, the guy that figured this out, was pilloried by other scientists.

Dr. Brooks said he published the finding in the late 70’s. Other researchers challenged him at meetings and in print.
“I had huge fights, I had terrible trouble getting my grants funded, I had my papers rejected,” Dr. Brooks recalled.

Look at those dates. The late 1970s. Some thirty years he has to fight for this.

I’ll tell you something. You hear all the time about how the public mistrusts journalists, and the public mistrusts Congress. Well, the public isn’t very well-served when scientists heap scorn on other scientists for challenging received wisdom, either.

And lest you think, “no big deal, it’s only muscle soreness,” may I introduce you to Gilbert Ling, a highly credentialed scientist who’s been arguing (also for decades) that one of our most treasured beliefs about human cells — that they are sacks of liquid that use a “sodium pump” to transmit molecules across their exterior membranes — is also totally bogus.

Ling furthermore claims that our erroneous assumptions about how cells work has perverted much of contemporary medical research.

Is he right? I don’t know.

Can we lay people trust other scientists to set aside their egos long enough to give his arguments the merit they deserve?

I’m not holding my breath.

/end rant.

Technorati Tags: lactic acid, religion of science

Posted originally at KirstenMortensen.com : Lactic acid reflux and republished here by the author

The Internetâ€™s Cliff Clavin Conundrum

Sat, 13 May 2006 14:45:23 -0700

Somebody once said that the World Wide Web is like the biggest library in the world — too bad all the books are on the floor.

That quote is from a long time ago in Internet years; improvements in search engine technology have made that library a lot easier to negotiate.

But apparently our techno overlords think we still have info needs they haven’t met. An article in yesterday’s Wall Street Journal (subscription required) by Kevin Delaney reports on a new trend in in web search engine services: for a nominal fee, you can pose questions directly to other human beings.

The idea is that this will work better than typing in a bunch of keywords and hoping your question will be answered by some web page that sproings onto your screen.

After giving an overview of a couple of these services, Delaney looks at some questions and answers from Yahoo’s Answers.

The first example question he looks at is “What part of the body contains the most bones?”

Then he looks at the answers users had given to the question.

They are . . . wrong.

lol

Fortunately, the service uses a wikipedia-like self-correction mechanism — users can also vote on the answer selections, and assuming some votes are cast by people who know what they’re talking about, the most accurate answers will rise to the top.

Still, it touches on what is, for me, an intriguing question about the Internet as an information resource. How do you decide what to trust, when you don’t have a personal relationship with the person offering the information? When you meet someone face-to-face, you’re able to pick up all kinds of clues about his intelligence and character and whether he’s telling the truth.

Granted, con artists and their ilk can manipulate these clues to some degree. And even intelligent people with impeccable characters can give terrible advice.

But on the ‘net, we not only have con artists and intelligent bunglers. We also have zillions of other advice-givers, about whom we know absolutely nothing.

So how do we know, when we type a question, that we’re not about to get Cliff Clavin’ed?

Technorati Tags: Internet, quality of information

Posted originally at KirstenMortensen.com : The Internet's Cliff Clavin Conundrum and republished here by the author

KirstenMortensen.com : Blog Archive : The Vitamin Wars

Wed, 12 Apr 2006 06:07:16 -0700

Tara Parker-Pope, a personal health columnist and reporter at the Wall Street Journal, snagged the front page of the March 20 Journal Report with an article titled “The Case Against Vitamins” (subscription required).

Parker-Pope is The Alt Health Voice of the WSJ. Irony intended. The WSJ is pretty pro-pharma — after all, they’re pro-business and pharmaceuticals make people a ton of money — so of course they aren’t going to bring a rabid alt advocate on board for anything like a regular gig.

Not that she’s overtly hostile. She’s somebody’s idea of the new mainstream. If you have a general physician who nods kindly when you discuss nutritional supplements, even though he/she would never actually suggest you take them, then that’s about the tenor of a Parker-Pope article. She’s grounding, because she reminds you that in many cases the science for alt stuff is on the thin side. But be sure to bring the umbrella if she’s invited to the picnic, if you catch my drift.

Anyway, this case against vitamins thing — first off, the headline was a bit of overhype. Reactionary, really. I mean, if you’re my age or older, you can remember a time when taking vitamins was something that normal people just didn’t do. Now it’s something that everyone does. We’re popping supplements like candy. So naturally, there are going to be some vitamin-bites-man stories, of which the March 20 piece is one.

I won’t list the studies rounded up in the article; if you follow this topic at all, you’ve heard about most of them, anyway. And really, the lesson is quite simple: the human body is mind-bogglingly complex, and our understanding of what’s going on at the biomolecular level is still embarrassingly crude. So no matter if you’re doing mainstream medicine or alt health, when you introduce a particular molecule at high concentrations, the best you can do as far as predicting what happens next is an educated guess.

In mainstream medicine, we call our bad guesses “side effects.” In alt health, we call it quackery.

But here’s what’s heartening: the letters to the editor that the paper published last Friday, in response to Parker-Pope’s article. Here’s one of them:

It is clear that eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods is the best way to obtain vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients the body needs. Healthful diets appear to protect against the development of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Yet when single isolated nutrients found in such diets are studied in reductionist clinical models, limited or negative effects are often seen, supporting the idea that taken out of their whole food context, dietary constituents don’t behave as predicted. Isolated nutrients don’t exist in a vacuum in human biology, and thus they can’t be meaningfully studied in this way. In whole foods, vitamins and minerals exist in a complex matrix along with many other supporting nutrients and potential health-promoting compounds. Metabolism has adapted to the presence of many interacting factors in the diet, a complexity that isn’t always reducible to pharmaceutical clinical methods of study.

In today’s world we have refined much of the phytonutrient diversity out of foods. As a result, we try to supplement with vitamins and minerals perceived to be missing, but with a poor understanding of their effects. The role of diet and dietary supplements in health is much more than the sum of the parts. That is to say, merely combining the results of clinical studies of single isolated nutrients will almost always present a flawed picture of the complex, multi-factorial role of diet in health, because it ignores the complexity of the synergistic whole food nutrient matrix that itself has multiple effects on health.

The role of nutrition research in the future will be to understand how food constituents interact biologically within the context of total dietary intake and human genomics. While the pharmaceutical clinical model will have a role in this pursuit, we are in need of scientifically sound innovative study designs to address the complex food/health interface.

David Barnes, Ph.D.
Director of Research
Standard Process
Palmyra, Wis.

So okay. Standard Process is a supplement manufacturer. But compare his tone to that of this letter from a “pharmaceutical consultant:”

Your analytical report is to be applauded. Vitamins fall into the category of “nutritional supplements,” for which unbelievable claims are often made regarding their salutary effects. When the makers of such products use the term “clinically tested,” or an equivalent statement, they should be required to state information about the studies, such as the number of participants, or whether they randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigations with statistical analyses. In addition to the reliability of the clinical studies that are performed, quality control on the actual material in the bottle should, in my view, be equivalent to that for over-the-counter drugs.

Charles G. Smith, Ph.D.
Pharmaceutical Consultant

Yeah, I bet that’s your view, dude.

Note how vitamin guy’s letter is self-reflective, unlike Mr. Pharma Consultant, who wants to rah rah rah bad vitamin stories while people are dropping dead, daily, from prescription drugs. An estimated 9 million Americans abuse prescription drugs. Prescription drugs kill about 125,000 of us annually.

So don’t sneer at my supplements, pharma-boy, until you show the grace to admit to the demons in your own closet.

We’ll get there — we’ll get to the place where we really do understand how the body works, and how to use nutrition in more sophsticated ways to heal disease and promote health. We’ll get there. But we have a ways to go, yet.

Technorati Tags: nutrition, supplements, vitamins, alternative medicine

Posted originally at KirstenMortensen.com : Blog Archive : The Vitamin Wars and republished here by the author